Which condition is known for both Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) and Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) involvement?

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is recognized for its involvement of both Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) and Lower Motor Neurons (LMN). In ALS, the progressive degeneration of motor neurons occurs in both the brain and the spinal cord. The degeneration of UMNs leads to symptoms such as spasticity and hyperreflexia, while the loss of LMNs results in muscle weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations. This dual impact on both motor neuron types is what distinguishes ALS from other conditions that may only affect one type or the other, providing a clear clinical picture of both UMN and LMN involvement.

Other conditions listed may affect either the UMNs or LMNs but not both simultaneously in the same way. Poliomyelitis primarily affects the lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy without the upper motor neuron signs. Guillain-Barré Syndrome typically presents with lower motor neuron signs resulting from peripheral nerve damage without upper motor neuron involvement. Multiple Sclerosis mostly impacts upper motor neurons due to demyelination within the central nervous system, but it does not lead to the same combination of symptoms seen in ALS, as it is not characterized by lower motor neuron degeneration. This characteristic of ALS makes it