What type of disorder is characterized by a rapid onset of weakness and an autoimmune response?

The disorder characterized by a rapid onset of weakness and an autoimmune response is Guillain-Barré Syndrome. This condition typically presents with symptoms that escalate quickly, often following a preceding infection. The immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to varying degrees of weakness, sensory loss, or even paralysis. The hallmark of Guillain-Barré Syndrome is its acute nature, where the symptoms can develop over the course of hours to days, which is distinct from other neuromuscular disorders.

In Guillain-Barré Syndrome, patients may report a tingling sensation in their legs that progresses to weakness, which can be life-threatening if respiratory muscles are affected. The autoimmune aspect is critical here, as it involves the immune system generating a response against the myelin sheath of nerves, disrupting normal neural function.

In contrast, the other disorders listed have different characteristics and onset patterns. Multiple Sclerosis involves a more chronic progression of neurological symptoms due to demyelination in the central nervous system. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is typically a gradual onset condition that primarily affects motor neurons over time rather than causing sudden weakness. Myasthenia Gravis is characterized by weakness that typically worsens with activity and improves with rest, but does not usually have